studies on ammonification during aerobic composting

laboratory studies were carried out on aerobic composting of a composite poultry and blow room cotton mixture. the loss of ammonia and exchangeable ammonia values were continuously measured in the studies carried out at different temperatures. the study showed that maximum ammonification occurs during 50 to 60 $degree$ c for such a waste ..

evolution of office automation evaluation methodologies

studies are conducted on office automation, and methodologies for their evaluation are examined. the system cost is studied to justify the investment in computerized information equipment. a conceptual model of the system is considered for the cost evaluation the evaluation methodologies deal with both benefits and cost issues a theoretic..

changes in cotton fiber surfaces due to washing

several 'washing' procedures have been applied to harvested cotton fibers in attempts to remove byssinogenic agents before processing. these procedures included washing at various temperatures, scouring, and bleaching. microscopical examination, by both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, of cotton fiber sur..

further counts of bacteria on u. s. commercial raw cotton fiber

the 1981 crop again exhibited great sample-to-sample variation in total bacteria and gram negatives within the same grade and growth area. gram-negative bacteria were found at a million or more per gram of fiber in some classer's samples from the southeast, midsouth, and texas-oklahoma. cottons from california's san joaquin valley, howeve..

sorption of perchloroethylene and toluene by wool and other textiles: influence of co-solvents

perchloroethylene and toluene are sorbed by dry wool very slowly at room temperature. even at the boil several hours of treatment are required to introduce 2 by weight of these solvents into wool. the rate of uptake of perchloroethylene and toluene by conditioned wool is approximately ten times greater, and treatment with a perchloroethyl..

kinetics of swelling of cotton fibers in aqueous ethylenediamine solutions using x-ray diffraction data

apparently, the swelling reaction proceeds at three different rates, all obeying the first-order kinetics. the first rate (k//1), which is the fastest one, is hypothetically attributed to the swelling action of eda-monohydrate in the amorphous region of cellulose; the second rate (k//2), which is extremely slow, is responsible for the pen..

perceived fiber preferences for cold weather indoor clothing

an opinion survey of female consumers which assessed their perceptions of preference for cotton, wool or synthetic fibers for indoor cool weather clothing generated 292 responses. respondents' image of fiber was sought rather than their knowledge of actual fiber content of garments. although wool clothing was perceived as warmer than clot..

fourier transform infrared analysis of textiles

the infrared spectra of cotton/polyester blends and cotton fabrics treated with various levels of thpoh-nh//3 or dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea (dmdheu) were obtained by using a fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectrophotometric method. the spectra were weight normalized and the quantitative determinations of finishing agent or blend ..

directional reflectance factor distributions of a cotton row crop

the directional reflectance factor distribution spanning the entire exitance hemisphere was measured for a cotton row crop (39 per cent ground cover) as a function of the solar azimuth and zenith angles. two special bands noaa 7 avhrr bands 1 (0-57 - 0-69 $mu$ m) and 2 (0-71 - 0-99 $mu$ m) were measured. ancillary data consisted of leaf o..

kinetics of gasification of douglas fir and cottonwood chars by carbon dioxide

in this study the reactivities of chars produced from well-characterized samples of a hardwood, a softwood and a lignite coal sample toward gasification by carbon dioxide have been determined. the effects of pre-pyrolysis addition of low levels of inorganic salts on the subsequent reactivity of the wood char have been studied. 27 refs