light && heavy trucks lose weight, gain payload

the plastics division of rockwell international has worked out a concept whereby the entire body of a pickup $em dash$ hood and fender assembly, doors, box and cab $em dash$ can be made of smc (sheet molded compound) fiberglass, thereby reducing the total weight by some 500 lb (227 kg). this total weight saving is made up as follows: tilt..

the microbial degumming of raw ramie fibre

ramie, a bast fiber, is obtained from the plant boehmeria nivea gaud and is produced mainly in china, brazil, the philippines, japan, and the united states and also in some parts of india. the decorticated fiber cannot be used as such since this contains a quantity of encrustng materials collectively known as gum, which normally amounts t..

carbon fiber surfaces $em dash$ characterization, modification and effect on the fracture of high modulus fiber $em dash$ polymer composites

a survey of surface treatments for carbon fibers shows that predominating are those involving surface oxidation. the treatments provide 2-4 fold increases in the fiber resin adhesion strength, both in shear and in tension. in composites, this adhesion normally is adequate for satisfactory axial tensile performance. however, it is too high..

surface composition and energetics of type hm graphite fibers

the surfaces of graphite fibers, both treated (hms) and untreated (hmu), were investigated using low temperature thermal desorption, krypton thermodynamic analysis, ion scattering with positive secondary ion mass spectroscopy and contact angle polar/dispersion analysis techniques. the surface energetics increased with surface treatment. v..

whole cell hollow fiber reactor $em dash$ 3. comparison of reactor efficiencies using a hlavacek lumping technique

this work examines the application of the hlavacek lumping technique to the substrate mass balance formulated within the cell suspension region of the hollow fiber immobilized whole cell biochemical reactor. in this ractor whole cells (the biocatalysts) are entrapped on the shell side of a hollow fiber dialyzer reactor unit. substrate sol..

grafting vinyl monomers onto wool fibers $em dash$ 3. graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool using hexavalent chromium ion

in the reported experiments, the use of hexavalent chromium to initiate graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool fibers has been investigated. the rate of grafting was determined by varying monomer, chromium (vi), temperature, acidity of the medium, nature of wool, reaction medium, and redox system. the graft yield increase..

modular system of spinning glass fibres and discoveries in the field of surface treatments

this paper describes equipment and its operation, which has been developed for the manufacture of industrial glass fibers from cullet and nuclear wastes. these fibers can be used in all grp composites except those designed for electrical engineering applications. design and technological details are given

structure and diffusion in anionically modified poly/ethylene terephthalate/

the main purpose of the chemical modification of poly/ethylene terephthalate/ is to match the properties of the polyester fibers to the natural ones and in particular to produce the pet fibers of improved dyebility. in the reported study, the synthesis of anionically modified poly/ethylene terephthalate/ has been carried out using the mon..

synthesis and properties of poly/ethylene terephthalate/ block copolymers

chemical modifications of polymers find increasing application to produce new fiber-forming polymers and new fibers of improved properties. there are two approaches: the first one is to introduce new side groups without disturbance of the polymer backbone structure and the other one $em dash$ to introduce new monomers or longer blocks to ..

on modification of properties of fiber-forming polymers by radical polymerization of acrylates on the surface of fibers

along with valuable properties, cloths made of chemical fibers have some severe disadvantages. they easily pick up dirt, become electric, exhibit a low vapor permeability, which strongly deteriorates their quality and complicates their handling. one can change the properties of cloth in various ways $em dash$ by chemical or physical modif..