light and shadow along the powder metallurgical route

this paper discusses the cost and the quality aspects of pm parts for structural applications. the cost considerations include a shorter processing path, the production of near-net-shape components, the most efficient use of raw materials and energy, the fabrication of complex shapes with close tolerances and assembling which is possible ..

radio frequency processing in europe

the progress of dielectric heating at radiofrequency (rf) heating and drying technology in europe over the last 20 years is reviewed. certain established processes like plastics welding and wood glueing have advanced by improved materials handling techniques and process control. the use of rf energy to post bake cereal and sugar based pro..

preprints for the 113th isij meeting, part iii

this conference proceedings contains 22 papers. they are arranged in the following groups: ironmaking; steelmaking; shaping and fabrication; instrumentation and control; chemical analysis; surface treatment; products and properties; and new materials and new processing. all papers are abstracted separately. technical and professional pape..

diffusion bonding of a6063 aluminum alloy reinforced with alumina short fibers

the al-mg-si a6063 alloy reinforced with alumina short fibers has been diffusion-bonded with the bond interface perpendicular to the direction of fibers, i. e. , direction of the highest strength, and the effects of surface treatments, bonding parameters (temperature and pressure) and insert metals on the bond strength have been systemati..

continuous cellulase production by immobilized sporotrichum cellulophilum and continuous saccharification of bagasse

immobilized sporotrichum cellulophilum with nonwoven materials was cultured continuously by a rotating-disk fermentor to supply cellulase into the saccharification system. the filter paper activity (5. 0) was retained after 696 h under conditions of 250 rpm stirring and 0. 014 h** $minus$ **1 dilution rate. the product of the culture was ..

conversion of starch to liquid sugar and ethanol

this paper discusses the use of microbial enzymes to convert starch to sugar and yeast to convert sugar to alcohol. some of the innovations include - use of membrane reactors, use of flocculant yeast for easy settling, immobilized cell reactors and use of genetic techniques to modify microorganisms. one of the most existing possibilities ..

fabric-caused changes in human skin: in vivo stratum corneum water content and water evaporation

a focused microwave probe was used to assess stratum corneum water content, an evaporimeter for water evaporation. with a covering of plastic film, water content and evaporation increased as the fabric/film remained on the forearm for longer periods of time stratum corneum water content was generally greater at polyester/film covered fore..

fibrillation and fibril network formation of polypropylene

the degree of fibrillation of a polypropylene flat yarn which has undergone high stretching and heat relaxation was found to be more directly representable by the longitudinal tear strength and by the length of the split which developed when the flat yarn was folded at an angle of 180 degrees along the direction of the molecular orientati..

influence of surface treatment on adhesion of polyethylene fibres

a detailed examination has been undertaken of the influence of surface treatment on the adhesion of polyethylene fibres to epoxy resin. the pull-out adhesion has been determined for untreated, chromic acid treated, and plasma etched monomfilaments with differnt draw ratios and thermal annealing treatments. in a few cases, additional chemi..

theoretical analysis of a hollow-fiber reactor with two substrates

a hollow-fiber reactor is a device within which enzymes or cells are confined by hollow-fiber membranes. an advantage of such a reactor is that it is possible, by a suitable choice of membranes, to deliver both gases and aqueous substrates to the enzymes or cells we have modelled a reactor fed by a single gas and a single aqueous reactant..