monitoring microbial growth in a hollow-fiber reactor using an electronic pressure sensor

a method has been developed for the continuous in situ monitoring of microbial growth within hollow-fiber bioreactors changes in transmembrane pressure were determined electronically and were found to correlate with the total amount of microbial protein in the reactor. fiber breakdown (rupturing of the internal ultrafiltration membrane) d..

micro glucose sensors using electron mediators immobilized on a polypyrrole-modified electrode

an amperometric micro enzyme electrode for the analysis of glucose is described. micro gold electrodes fabricated by the sputtering method are used as transducers of micro glucose sensors glucose oxidase (god) is strongly adsorbed onto a polypyrrole film electropolymerized in aqueous solution. 1,1 $prime$ -dimethylferrocene is used as a m..

treated aramid fibers as reinforcement in nonpolar matrices

crosslinked polyethylene finds extensive use in applications where improved thermal resistance is required. furthermore, reinforced and crosslinked polyethylene presents high strength at elevated temperatures, so that the field of applications of such materials is considerably enlarged. fiber pretreatment was performed in order to insert ..

detailed analysis of saccharomyces cerevisiae growth kinetics in batch, fed-batch, and hollow-fiber bioreactors

the use of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has increased greatly over the past few years for the production of pharmaceuticals, specialty chemicals, and other commodities. one reason for this is the many advantages it offers for synthesis and secretion of recombinant dna products. however, the growth characteristics of this yeast are q..

'state of the art' microcircuit interconnect fabricated by copper plating on ceramic

the rapid growth of very large scale integration (vlsi) results in increasing demands on circuit fabrication techniques to address high pin count devices. this paper describes an innovative semi-additive process whereby high resolution copper circuitry is plated onto alumina ceramic to form interconnection with significant cost, performan..

effect of metal salts on the wettability of synthetic fibres

the effect of treating fibres of yarns with solutions of metal chlorides in various solvents on their wettability has been investigated. the character of the metal cation used, the type of solvent, and the concentration of the metal salt are three basic factors which affect fibre wettability. the effect of additions of metal chlorides on ..

chemical modification of carbon fibres by esterification - optimization of fibre pretreatment

electrochemically oxidized pan-based carbon fibres were modified by attachment of an m-dinitrobenzene group. chemical modification was performed by esterification of the $minus$ oh groups of the oxidized carbon surface with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. the higher modification extent was achieved in the case of d.c. oxidized carbon fibres,..

decrystallization and acetylation and benzoylation of cotton fibers

the general effects of chemical modification such as acetylation and benzoylation on cotton yarns and fabrics are described. it is demonstrated that the physical properties of yarns and fabrics in terms of their elongation, moisture regain, friction, abrasion resistance, and recovery are enhanced significantly. thermal analysis data show ..

prediction of multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data using empirical correlations

in this study, extended empirical langmuir, freundlich and redlich-peterson formulae have been applied for the calculation of multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data for all combinations of three basic dye systems: basic blue 69 (b), basic red 22 (r) and basic yellow 21 (y) on activated carbon (f400). extended langmuir application yiel..

fibre/matrix interfacial shear strength in titanium alloy matrix composites reinforced by silicon carbide or boron cvd filaments

the mechanical adhesion between cvd filaments (b, sic) and titanium matrices was studied. because a single fiber composite was chosen for this purpose, the critical length measurement and the shear strength were calculated using a statistical analysis. the study indicated the role played by the surface treatments of the fibers on the rein..