calorimetric study of polyester/cotton blend fabrics $em dash$ 5. characterization of flame retardant action

calorimetric techniques have been used successfully for quantitative evaluation of flame retardant efficiency in textile materials. in addition, each of these techniques can also be used to study the mechanistic nature of the retardant action. for example, the heat of combustion of char measured by the oxygen bomb calorimeter provides som..

quantitative analysis of polymer blends using breadths of overlapping x-ray diffraction lines

methods of quantitative analysis of crystalline powder mixtures using x-ray diffraction (xrd) techniques are fairly well developed the analysis is relatively easy if the xrd pattern of the mixture exhibits component lines which do not overlap. in the reported study, a method has been developed to estimate the composition of a powder mixtu..

toxicity of pyrolysis gases from some flame-resistant fabrics

five samples of flame-resistant fabrics were evaluated for toxicity of pyrolysis gases, using the ufs-nasa toxicity screening test method. the samples were identified as wool, flame-retarded cotton, nomex, unstabilized polybenzimidazole, and stabilized polybenzimidazole. under these particular test conditions, time to death with wool was ..

relative toxicity of pyrolysis products $em dash$ 2 polyisocyanate based foam materials

the acute toxicity of pyrolysis products of isocyanate based foam materials were compared to those of natural products like wood, cork, wool and cotton. the results obtained from animal experiments using the dynamic test procedure described in din draft 53436 showed that the natural products produce pyrolysis products of equal, lesser and..

design for nitrogen removal from tannery unhairing waste

the production of tanned leather from cattle hide requires a complex series of wet chemical processing steps which yield an equally complex series of high load effluents. the heat prospects for effective treatment of these effluents lie in the following steps: physical-chemical pretreatment of segregated high load waste streams, followed ..

design, development and testing of a bullock-drawn, single-row seed-cum-fertilizer drill

a single-row, seed-cum-fertilizer drill with combined furrow opener for seed and fertilizer, lugged drive wheel and separate boxes for seed and fertilizer has been designed, developed and tested trials were conducted on farms and at a research farm to compare the performance of the drill with control, i. e. , kera/pora method of sowing in..

birefringence of stretched cellulose films

in the reported experiments, birefringence in three orthogonal directions was determined at normal incidence by the compensator method on thin sections of cellophane sheets, before and after subjecting them to swelling and stretching treatments. considerable increase in crystallinity and longitudinal orientation of molecular chain axes wa..

swelling behavior of cotton fibers in benzylamine and 4-amino acetophenone

in the reported research program, swelling and decrystallizing action of aqueous solutions of benzylamine and mixtures of 4-amino acetophenone with methanol was studied on cotton fibers. the extent and type of swelling were studied by determining various characteristics of the swollen cotton, viz. , moisture regain, acetyl number, infrare..

biodegradation of textile fibres as seen under the microscope - actual case histories

biodegradation of textile fibers caused by fungi and bacteria is anything but a rarity. cellulose fibers such as cotton, linen and hemp are preferentially attacked by mold fungi, while wool is threatened particularly by bacteria. in all these cases the substance of the fiber itself provides a good culture medium on which the various micro..

morphology of polyurethane modified by plasticizing, blending, or reinforcing

in the reported experiments, the morphology of modified thermoplastic pu has been studied by sem and dsc. the pu was modified by addition of various amounts of dibutyl phthalate (dbp) plasticizer, vinyl polymers (pva, pvac, pvc, vac-vc copolymer), polysiloxane or fiber reinforcement (glass or cotton) to diolpolyether, followed by mixing a..