effects of surface preparation on the friction and wear behaviour of silicon nitride/silicon carbide sliding pairs

silicon carbide and silicon nitride specimens were fabricated to provide three different surface finishes. they were subjected to sphere-on-flat (pin-on-disc) testing in order to determine the interaction of load, velocity, disc surface finish, and material effects on unlubricated friction and wear. tests were conducted in air using appli..

elimination of mesa-sidewall gate-leakage in inalas/ingaas hfets by selective sidewall recessing

conventional mesa isolation in inalas/ingaas hfets results in the gate contacting the exposed channel at the mesa sidewall, forming a parasitic gate-leakage path. the authors successfully propose and demonstrate a novel and simple method of recessing the channel edge into the mesa sidewall using a succinic acid based selective etchant for..

molecular resolution images of enzyme-containing langmuir-blodgett films

langmuir-blodgett technology has been used for fabricating systems consisting of mixed layers of behenic acid and glucose oxidase. these systems have been imaged by atomic force microscopy at a molecular level. the observation of these samples shows the presence of the glucose oxidase molecules organized in parallel ridges and individual ..

miniaturized disposable biosensors (for food quality control)

miniaturized amperometric thick film biosensors for applications in food quality control are described. their ease of fabrication and relatively low cost facilitates their use as disposable sensors. as an alternative to the immobilization of the enzyme by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, screen printing technology was used to apply the ..

thick film biosensors for urea

two types of thick film biosensor with different substrate materials were tested for the preparation of conductivity sensors for the determination of urea. urea is hydrolyzed by urease to ammonia and carbon dioxide resulting in an increase in conductivity urease was immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. the response times for ..

fabrication of quantum dots on the insb (110) surface

using a scanning tunneling microscope, quantum dots with diameters of order 25 aa have been fabricated on the cleaved insb(110) surface in uhv. both in and sb atoms were clearly resolved on the cleaved surface

the novel preparation of p-n junction mesa diodes by silicon-wafer direct bonding (sdb)

the key processes of silicon-wafer direct bonding (sdb), including hydrophilic surface formation and optimal two-step heat treatment, have been developed. however, h/sub 2/so/sub 4//h/sub 2/o/sub 2/ solution being a strong oxidized acid solution, native oxide is found to have grown on the wafer surface as soon as a wafer is treated in thi..

elimination of freon and methylchloroform from the manufacturing process for hybrid microelectronic circuits

recognizing the harmful effects of freon and methylchloroform solvents on the environment, westinghouse embarked on an extensive elimination/reduction program in connection with the manufacturing of hybrid microelectronic circuits. experiments were performed in the following five key areas' thick film substrate fabrication, component atta..

the rapid design system' memory-driven feature-based design

a cad system based on feature-based design is discussed feature-based design is an attempt to establish a higher level of representation, i.e., primitives (features) which have meaning and are interpretable by both the design system and the designer. a feature can refer to any technical or economic aspect of a product's representation or ..

diagnostic measurements in rf plasmas for materials processing

radio frequency (rf) plasmas are utilized in many applications in materials processing, such as semiconductor fabrication, surface modification, and coating. plasma processing has replaced older techniques, such as wet chemistry, because the latter could not provide the necessary characteristics as process demands increased a good example..