laser processing of high-tech materials at high irradiance

the major applications of lasers to the processing of high technology materials are briefly enumerated. it is found that the majority of these applications rely upon the direct thermal effects of irradiating the material with laser light. several other important interactions of high irradiance lasers with materials are examined. the need ..

heat pump type clothes drying system for bathroom installation

a heat pump type clothes drying system for bathroom installation has been developed. the clothes drying unit of this system is intended to utilize the bathroom as a clothes drying space and is installed in the bathroom ceiling. in contrast to being tumble-dried with the conventional clothes drier, clothes are not damaged and large garment..

give thin foils the brush-off

as solvent disposal becomes increasingly difficult, printed circuit fabricators are looking for less toxic alternatives in deburring, scrubbing and surface conditioning. with a wide variety of materials now available, abrasive cleaning is a serious option even for the thinnest foils and finest circuitry. in fast, it is common misconceptio..

si-mbe soi device and circuits

a 100 mu m wide silicon-on-insulator (soi) structure has been achieved by utilizing silicon molecular beam epitaxial (si-mbe) growth and porous oxidized silicon. a si beam with flux density of 7.8*10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ was used to clean the sample surface at 750 degrees c prior to mbe growth. the mbe si film growth on porous si ..

effects of moisture on interface modified graphite epoxy composites

graphite epoxy composites which are exposed to high humidity environments suffer a loss in their shear and transverse properties in addition to the effect of moisture on the matrix, thermodynamic theories suggest that the interface may suffer irreversible damage in this study, the authors investigated if fiber surface treatments could imp..

effects of thermal cycling on properties of carbon fiber/aluminum composites

effects of thermal cycling on mechanical properties such as longitudinal tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength and work of fracture of carbon fiber/aluminum composites have been investigated. the composite specimens fabricated by a squeeze casting technique were thermally cycled in fluidized baths between room temperature and vari..

polyurethane coatings for integrated optics applications

polymer coatings have been widely used in electrical applications because of their numerous excellent properties such as toughness, flexibility, high resistance to abrasion, high electrical insulation and good moisture and chemical resistance. recently polymer coatings have shown optical properties which are highly promising for opto-elec..

enzyme-immobilized langmuir-blodgett film for a biosensor

a lipid-protein monolayer for a biosensor was prepared utilizing a langmuir-blodgett technique. the enzyme glucose oxidase was used as the protein. three types of lipid were chosen to change the surface charge of the polar group. the enzyme was immobilized on the lipid monolayer by adsorption from the subphase solution onto the lipid mono..

photoelastic study of epoxy resin/graphite fiber load transfer

the physical techniques of polarising microscopy, including the measurement of small (<0.1 lambda ) optical retardations, have been used to investigate elastic fields adjacent to short (1-3 mm length) graphite fibers in epoxy resin composites. in as-cured specimens, i.e., in specimens, self-stressed on account of resin cure shrinkage, the..

micromechanics in electronics. liga' lithography, galvanoforming, and plastic forming technique

although in large sectors of electrotechnics the electronics has replaced most mechanical components, there is still a substantial demand for miniature-sized micromechanical components the extremely high-quality requirements in respect of surface finish, accuracy, and stability are mostly fulfilled by x-ray lithography as applied in the s..