A review of QSAR for dye affinity for cellulose fibres

The structure of cellulose fibre is discussed in relation to the relevance of the ligand-receptor concept for dye-fibre binding. An outline of qualitative SAR (structure-activity relationship) for dye-cellulose fibre binding is given, as well as of QSAR/QSPR (quantitative structure-activity/property relationship) for such binding and calc..

A new approach to the assessment of standard depth

Standard depth is a term used to describe a subjectively defined property of colour, yet it is of great importance both in fastness testing and standardisation of dyes. In this paper, analysis of a large number of databases from the four major European dye manufacturers resulted in a new method of determining 1/1 standard depth for each a..

Latin terms for pigments and dye-colours

There is often a considerable confusion about the precise meaning of colour terms that appear in various Latin texts. The author discusses an often neglected but invaluable reference source, Libellus de coloribus, written by the Renaissance poet Antonio Telesio, which specifies the appearance of a surprisingly comprehensive range of colou..

Colour controller

Bonar Floors has recently commissioned an Ozark Systems PD300D print paste dispensing system at its Derby shire plant. The company anticipates raped payback from the benefits of automation in the specialist production of floor covering product Flotex. The processes which comprise the PD300D system are explained. All Ozark systems are fitt..

Dyeing by design

The article discusses the most important aspects of dye house design - calculating the boiler and steam requirements, and automation and control. Machine makers such as Scholl increasingly supply complete dye house solutions on a modular basis. An understanding of what equipment does and what inputs it needs to do it is far more important..

New directions in dyeing: The current scenario

The dyeing of textile products has always relied on close control over the parameters that control the rate and extent of dye uptake. Developments in batch wise and continuous dyeing have caused dyers to re-evaluate their production strategy in order to provide customers with quick response, higher quality and better levels of service. Pr..

The versatility of the millennium

The Gaston County Millennium Piece Dyeing Machine can handle a wide variety of products, with one customer dyeing 100% cotton, 100% polyester, poly/cotton, and cotton/spandex blends for the commodity and fashion markets. The machine has a low-lift profile and a high-traction lifer reel and fabric is easily loaded. Venturi design improves ..

Colour effects in bright butterflies

Many mechanisms give rise to butterfly coloration. Interest has predominantly focused on mechanisms responsible for the brightest colours. Early work, with the aid of optical microscopy and knowledge of the physics of interference, discovered that high visibility was associated with structure; multi-layer systems were found to be the prim..

Jigger revival continues

The jigger machine is an economic choice for treating the short dye lots which are increasingly required in the industry. Three dye lots which are increasingly required in the industry. Three companies have developed a new generation of jiggers in order to overcome their inherent problems. Goller has introduced the Multima, which incorpor..

Effect of fibers swelling on the structure of lyocell fabrics

The effect of liquid swelling on the structural rearrangement of lyocell twill fabrics is studied using a variety of techniques, including optical microscopy, dimensional measurements, and water and hexadecane retention. Lyocell fibers swell predominately laterally in water by about 30% over the dry diameter. Fiber lateral swelling in NaO..