Dyeing defects: A general view(Spanish)(Los defectos de tintura: Una vision general)

In spite of advances in the control of dyeing defects there are still many factors which can cause them. The article presents a study of the cause of dyeing defects and their classification. Dyeing defects can be due to the textile material, incorrect preparation, the water and steam used, the machinery, the incorrect selection or applica..

A colour chemist's history of western art

This article seeks to give a review of the history of art for the perspective of the pigments used to create that art and the development and influence of science and technology in art. The most important and interesting colorants are discussed alongside the work of many artists. Chemical information on many of the inorganic pigments is a..

Dye and fibre discoveries of the twentieth century. Part 4: Oil crisis...fibres crisis...dyes crisis

The oil crisis in the 1970s struck the supplies and users of dyes and chemicals with the impact of a tsunami. Rationalisation and diversification transformed the producer industry worldwide. Increasing concern regarding the environmental effects of chemical pollution greatly modified and limited the scope for developing and marketing nove..

Novel system of scouring and milling worsted cloth

Reports on developments shown at ITMA '99 Paris in wool finishing machinery including: Holmes Heaton Ltd, Huddersfield, UK, Blo-Mill scouring and milling machine designed for worsted piece processing: and MAT di A. Bertoldi SpA Rotormat machine which because of its stainless steel construction can be used for a variety of finishing proces..

The latest from pretreatment

This article reviews developments in pretreatment, as displayed at ITMA '99 in Paris. In the field of singeing, improvements have been made in connection with the clearing of textiles and in greater automation. In the area of desizing, scouring and bleaching there has been an increase in maximum and minimum add-on methods such as liquor a..

At ITMA exhibition

Improved technology was a core theme among dyeing and finishing machinery builders at the June 1999 ITMA '99 meeting in Paris, France. This quality of technology is expected to bring customers back to US manufacturers. Developments in dyeing equipment from Gaston Country Dyeing Machine Co, Scholl, Sclavos, Thies, Fong's National Engineeri..

The Colour Fastness of Optionally Aftertreated Direct Dyes on Cotton during Washing in an Activated Oxygen Bleach-Containing Detergent.

Proposed spectrophtometric pass/fail criteria assessed oxidative bleach fading of dyes on cotton fibers during repeated launderings. Results indicated an 88 percent correlation between fading of optically aftertreated direct dyes in the UK-TO British Standard test and fading after 20 domestic launderings in the presence of a detergent con..

A Chemometric Approach to Understanding the Bioelimination of Anionic, Water-Soluble Dyes by a Biomass -- Part 2: Acid Dyes.

A laboratory test determined the level of bioelimination of a serise of acid dyes, including anthraquinone, azonaphthalene, azopryrazolone, and azo-H acid dyes. Chemometric analysis correlated bioelimination ranged from 0-96 percent and generally correlated to the size to charge ratio (molecular weight divided by the number of sulfonate g..

Fundamental Dye Diffusion and Surface Treatment of Fibers.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) investigated molecular level dye diffusion in fibers. LSCM uses spot illumination to visualize the internal structures of solid polymers without physically sectioning the samples. LSCM observations of dyed fibers and microspectrophotometric measurements of their reflectance revealed the influence ..

Optimizing Dye Process Control through Improved Modeling.

Varible structure controllers are similar to neural networks in that they are self learning and useful in examining dyeing system complex, nonlinear process behavior. Variable structure controllers in a sequential injection analysis monitored real time dyeing processes. A self organizing fuzzy logic sliding mode controller integrated clas..