On-Line Monitoring of Reactive Batch Dyeing Exhaustion and Hydrolysis by FIA-HPLC.

Researchers used flow injection analysis (FIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to monitor the exhaustion percentage and hydrolysis of reactive dyes. The FIA system included a syringe pump, low pressure sampling valve, mixing chamber, and diode array detector. HPLC equipment included a Waters 600E pump, Waters 991M photod..

Application of Ultrasound in Textile Finishing Processes.

Finishing processes consume considerable amounts of water and energy (electricity and heating). Most of these processes use chemicals and assistants to slow down or accelerate the chemical reactions, thereby avoiding temperature increases during mass transfer from teh liquid medium to the fabric. Mass transfer is dependent on time and tem..

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE COVERAGE OF NEPS IN THE DYEING OF COTTON.

Neps of immature cotton fiber appear as light or white specks in dyed fabric. A pretreatment based on the use of chitosan was investigated with the aim of covering neps. The addition of salt after sorption of chitosan, followed b rinsing, enabled the use of direct or reactive dyes by exhaust dyeing in the same bath. With direct dyes, neps..

STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES IN STREAKY POLYESTER.

The solubility differential of polyester can be obtained by observing streak defects caused by dyeing. The differential can be determined by using a solution of phenol tetrachloroethane. The solubility differential can be used to understand whether the defect is a consequence of irregular structure. 4 refs.

QUALITY CONTROL IN WET PROCESSING OF BLENDED TEXTILES CONTAINING POLYESTER. PART 3.

Methods of dyeing polyester blends are explained in conjunction with several ways of preventing common jet dyeing defects and controlling dyeing quality. Dyeing recipes for disperse/reactive combination dyeing, one-bath exhaust dyeing, and two-bath exhaust dyeing processes are given. The proper operation of jet dyeing machinery, preventio..

QUALITY HAS ITS PRICE--QUAITY COSTS FROM A COMMISSION FINISHING POINT OF VIEW

Quality standards in the textile industry have risen sharply because of the competitive marketplace and the effects of automated fabric production. The commission finisher, however, is subject to several limitations in the quality of his product; these include inadequate information about the greige fabric from the customer, conflicting c..

WASTE TREATMENT OF SOLUBLE AZO ACID, DIRECT, AND REACTIVE DYES USING A SODIUM HYDROSULFITE REDUCTION PRETREATMENT FOLLOWED BY CARBON ADSORPTION.

When soluble azo acid, direct, and reactive dye effluent is reduced with sodium hydrosulfite, the azo linkage is cleaved and discoloration occurs. The nonpolar components generated from this reaction are also more readily adsorbed on carbon. Decolorization, adsorption capacity, and carbon adsorption rate are measured and compared for vari..

TECHNIQUES FOR INSTRUMENTAL DYE RECIPE FORMULATION.

A conference on New Techniques in Instrumental Recipe Formulation, organized by the Italian Association of Textile and Coloring Chemicals, was held January 26, 1990. The conference concentrated on the influence of computers on colorimetry and recipe formulation, the use of computers in dyeing processes, and the most recent related softwar

WET PROCESSING -- PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE.

Developments in wet processing during the past twenty years are reviewed along with a discussion of future trends. This industry has moved from a labor intensive to capital intensive structure. The introduction and adoption of computer aided and electronic machinery have supported this move. Electronic control systems are now available fo..

PROFITABILITY IN DYE COLOR STANDARDIZATION.

Precise dye standardization contributes in a large part to the profitability of a dyehouse; any negligence in that area is sanctioned by increased cost. The repercussions of different allowances on reproducibility and production costs are analyzed using the example of reactive dyes. 6 refs.