MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR COMMERCIAL COLOR MATCHING SOFTWARE BASED ON SINGLE-CONSTANT KUBELKA-MUNK THEORY.

In order to use single-constant Kubelka-Munk theory, developers of textile color matching software must contend with colorants that deviate from theoretical linear behavior by showing a variety of non-linear curves of K/S vs. concentration. This can be done by a piece-wise linear approximation of each curve. Matching algorithms based on t..

DETERMINATION OF INDIGO IN EFFLUENTS FROM DYEING AND WASHING BATHS.

Indigo is increasingly recycled from effluents by microfiltration with ceramic membranes. The paper reviews methods used to analyze the concentration of indigo in dye solutions, effleunt, or post-filtration concentrate. Methods reviewed include turbidometry, used to measure oxidated indigo, and colorimetry, used to measure reduced indigo,..

THEORETICAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL LOT PROCESSES.

Lot size greatly affects unit cost of fabrics dyed on a continuous range. The smaller the lot, the greater the unit cost. For small lots, any of the batch methods are more economical than the continuous range. For all batch processes, optimum dyeing costs are realized when the lot size corresponds with the machine rated capacity. Underloa..

APPLICATION OF QUALITY CONTROL AND AUTOMATION IN REDUCING THE REAL COST OF THE DYEING PROCESS.

The use of computer modeling techniques with different manufacturing approaches and their impact on cost, productivity, and capital are examined. Dyeing processes can now be fine tuned with the aid of automation. In order to obtain maximum benefits from automation, the actual process techniques used must be reproducible. Dyestuff and chem..

UTILIZING NEW TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE TEXTILE LABORATORY PERFORMANCE.

The current technology available for automating routine laboratory processes such as dye solution preparation, dye solution dispensing, and dyeing cycle control is discussed. Advances in color physics and color communication and their effects on increasing laboratory efficiency are considered. Efforts of a dye manufacturer's laboratory to..

INFLUENCE OF DYE SELECTION ON CROSS-SHADING DURING CONTINUOUS DYEING.

Fabric preparation, mechanical condition, and dye selction can contribute to cross-shading. Sandoz has developed a method to predict cross-shading tendencies. The model was applied to Sodyesul Liquid dyes to correct poor cross-shading situations and to eliminate the introduction of poor dye combinations to the production floor. The succes..

REVIEW OF SHADE SORTING TECHNIQUES.

Significant advantages in both shade sorting and shade matching can be achieved if full color space corrdinates are used rather than just a 555 shade sort number. The CCC system uses such information to produce fewer, more uniform groups than those obtainable by a 555 system based on cubes, rhombic dodecahedrons, or truncated octahedrons...

DISPLAY OF SHADES ON THE COLOR MONITOR OF A MATCH PREDICTION SYSTEM INTERFACED TO THE FORMULATION PROGRAMS.

Computer technology is now capable of displaying precisely calibrated colors that do not differ in hue from computer monitor to computer monitor. The VCS-10 Color-Simulator, the first instrument developed for this purpose, was based on additive color mixtures and rotating color disks. The new VCS-11 ACS-Video Color System has more advance..

IMPROVED ACCURACY THROUGH DYEING LABORATORY AUTOMATION.

With the advent of the automated dyeing laboratory, it is now possible to carry out dyeings with a high level of accuracy using a relatively unskilled staff. This will increase the reproducibility of dyeing because the accuracy obtained is linked with laboratory methods that correlate with the bulk process. Blind dyeing techniques can the..

STUDY OF RADIO-PREQUENCY DRYERS IN A CONTINUOUS DYEING PROCESS.

A specific gap between the fabric and the electrode must be maintained when using radio-frequency (RF) dryers in a continuous dyeing process. As the gap decreases, the area of fabric exposed to the RF field increases. Also, the fabric is exposed to a stronger, denser field. When establishing an acceptable fabric to electrode gap, it is he..