Developments in Wet Processing Machinery.

Environmental awareness and interest in energy conservation motivate textile manufacturers to evaluate their processing machines and wet chemical processes. Pretreatment machines, such as Kusters' Flexnip system, prepare uniform dye-ready fabrics while reducing water, chemical, and energy costs by more than 20 percent. Brugman's wet-on-we..

Fabric Whitening.

An overview of issues in fabric whitening addresses the effects of the electromagnetic radiation in sunlight, light reflection and transmission, fluorescence, fabric whitening processes, fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), ultraviolet absorbing agents, sun protection factor ratings, and the influence of fabric structure on light transm..

Process for Coloring Polyurethanes

Bayer Aktiengesellschaft's patented process for coloring plastic polyurethane materials uses coloring agents that are suitable for incorporation in the material via the formation of covalent bonds. Suitable coloring agents include of covalent bonds. Suitable coloring agents include derivatives from the reaction of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquino..

Ozone Fading of Indigo Dyed Denims

The ozone fading of indigo dyed apparel is a function of indigo oxidation and oxidation byproducts. The fading rate of indigo dyes and yellowing of apparel depend on the position of the dye in fiber, absorption and diffusion of moisture into the fiber, humidity, protective finishes, and ozone concentration. One gram of ozone destroys 10.9..

Dyeing Cotton with Shorter Cycles

Fong's National Engineering Company Limited's GN6 super high temperature dyeing machine improves productivity and reduces processing costs by shortening the entire wet processing cycle for cotton. A complete wet processing cycle, including reactive dyeing, requires only 4-5 hours. The combined scouring and bleaching process occurs in 5-20..

Highlights of Wet Processing Machinery--III

At ITMA 1999, manufacturers of open width continuous dyeing machines presented machine that provide longer, more uniform runs and higher quality shades. Manufacturers improved conventional pad dry and pad-steam processes and developed thermosol ranges and a superheated steam dryer to reduce processing time. Increased use of infrared predr..

Decolorizing Dye Wastewater with Low Temperature Catalytic Oxidation.

A series of batch and continuous tests evaluated the feasibility of color removal from dye wastewater by oxidizing recalcitrant compounds with hydrogen peroxide at low temperature in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. Transition metal doped catalyst, prepared by impregnating magnesium oxide with transition metals, served as the cat..

Reaction Pathways Involved in the Reduction of Monochloramine by Ferrous Iron.

Reduced iron may account for the loss of chloramine disinfectants in water distribution systems. Experiments showed that a rate limiting direct reaction between monochloramine and ferrous iron resulted in the formation of an amidogen radical. Researchers determined that an autocatalytic reaction mechanism with ferric oxide precipitate acc..

Application and Performance of Disperse Dyes on Polylactic Acid(PLA) Fabric

An experiment to determine the influence of dye chemical structure on dye exhaustion on PLA fabrics in terms of time, temperature, and fiber crystallinity applied nine disperse dyes to high and low crystallinity spun bonded PLA fabrics. Although disperse dyes provided good color depth, small linear dyes were required because fiber crystal..

Effect of Ultra-Violet Light on Direct Dyed Fabric.

Researchers investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light on direct dyed fabrics and determined methods to improve their lightfastness properties. Testing materials included desized cotton fabric, direct dyes, dosium chloride and sodium carbonate as electrolytes, and scetic acid and Indofix as aftertreatments. A UV radiation chamber e..