AUTOMATED DYEHOUSE.

Fully automated dyeing in carpet manufacturing has been achieved for most functions. Only powder dye dispensing has not been automated. Currently, Horizon and Queen have the most extensively automated facilities; most companies have installed at least some automation. Quality and environmental demands will be a major impetus to further au..

TUBULAR FABRIC DRYING AND FINISHING SYSTEM.

Tubular Textile Machinery has introduced the Tube-Tex HQ-II drying and finishing system for tubular knit fabrics. The system combines the advantages of the conventional drum dryer with those of conveyor band systems. The Tube-Tex HQ-II combined with the jet Extractor is complete finishing line capable of overstretching, water extraction, ..

Washing Theory and Practice

An overview of continuous washing processes to remove sizes, chemicals, dyes, print thickeners, and other materials from cotton and cotton blend fabrics describes the washing process according to academic and commercial publications; washing machinery, including history and features common to all washers (steam, compressed air, motorl and..

Quiolity Assurance in the Modern Dyeing Business.

Important quality control objectives in dyeing are satisfactory color, levelness, and fastness properties; enviornmental safety; satisfactory technological performance; and a high level of reproducibility. Then GmbH's Dynamic Quality Control (DQC) system automatically controls dyeing processes by optimally setting such machine parameters ..

Dyestuff-Fibre Interactions.

Noncovalent molecular interactions that may occur in dye-fiber systems are classified into the following categories based on the different forces between two molecules: Van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions between static molecular charge distributions, induction forces, charge transfer stabilization, and solvophobic or h..

Supercritical Fluids and Fibre Structure.

A study evaluated the influence of supercritcal carbon dioxide as a dyeing medium on the crystalline structures of highly oriented semicrystalline unmodified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. Electron microscopy and X-ray analyses also evaluated the effect of supercritical fluid dyeing on fine structure of PET fibers. Data collecti..

Computer-Aided Optimisation of Exhaust Dyeing Procedures.

Newly available mathematical formuase and other data for optimizing the exhaust dyeing process for various fibers and dyes have permitted the development of computer aided dyeing systems. The systems adjust dyeing formulations and procedures according to the properties of the dyes, substrates, dyeing units, and cost structures of the dyei..

New Focus for Rinsing by Jet Overflow Machines: Aqua Chron Rinsing System.

Pretreatments and aftertreatments used in reactive dyeing of cotton with jet overflow dyeing machines require large consumption of water, energy, and time. To decrease this consumption, Sclavos SA developed the Venus HT 2 dyeing machines that use the Aqua Chron rinsing system. Aqua Chron is notable or its continuous operations, eliminatin..

Principles of Solvent Selection in Point Formulations

Solvents control many application and appearance properties of coatings, including binder solubility and miscibility, dispersion stability, application viscosity, dryig time and film leveling. An overview of recent literature concerning solvent formulation addresses binder solubility, including polymer solution phase behavior, solubility ..

BALSAM FLOWERS, USEFUL IN WOOL DYEING.

Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum dye concentration for balsam flower dyes on woolen fabrics. Optimum dye extraction times and mordant concentrations were determined, as well as the best method for mordanting. Colorfastness of balsam dyed fabrics to washing and light was also evaluated. A concentration of 5 grams of flow..