Treatment of textile dyeing wastewater by adsorption/bio-oxidation process

The adsorption/bio-oxidation process is an activated sludge technology for the treatment of textile processing wastewater. The process reduces organic pollutant levels and breaks down complex molecules into shorter strains, which in the case of colored wastewater equates to reducing or eliminating colorization in the eliminating colorizat..

Reducing effluent loading in sizing and desizing

Textile effluent from woven fabric chemical finishing contains sizing agent as an important pollution substance. After weaving, the sizing agent is washed out of the grey fabric, normally passing into the effluent flow, where it is responsible for 40-60％ of the biological oxygen demand (B.O.D) load. This article describes various develop..

Stripping of dyes from faulty dyeings

Accidents and errors can never be eliminated completely, although, where dyeing is concerned they can often be amended. In this paper the various methods of stripping dye from material are summarised. They are described in terms of the concentration of various chemicals to be used, temperature, and time of treatment for the most commonly ..

New aspects in deminerallisation

As a processing stage in continuous and batch processes, the demineralisation of natural fibres is already a regular constituent of many pretreatment formulations. New developments in the field of complex formers, which meet technical requirements and also ease the burden on the environment, will further reinforce the trend towards this p..

FIbrillation propensity of lyocell and the influence of reactive dyeings (German)

The fundamental principles underlying the fibrillation tendency of Lyocell regenerated cellulose fibres are investigated. The effect of cellulase enzyme treatment and reactive dyeing on fibrillation is studied. It is found that the extent of fibrillation reduction during dyeing with bifunctionalmand multifunctional reactive dyes depends o..

Developmental aspects of textile wet processing machinery

This article discusses the developments in textile wet processing machinery. It concentrates on the drying aspect of the process which is a necessary operation when the fabric is to be mercerised or to go through another finishing operation. Drying is a thermal energy consuming process and most of the recent developments aim at minimising..

Dyeing nylon 6,6 with monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone hetero bifunctional reactive dyes

The aim of this work is to examine the dyeing behaviour and wash fastness characteristics of hetero bifunctional reactive dyes which carry both monochlorotriazine and sulphatoethylsulphone groups on both types of nylon 66 fibre. Two types of scoured, circular knitted nylon 66 fabrics, one conventional and one microfibre were dyed with C.I..

Kinetic study on dyeing modified cotton fabric with reactive dye

Kinetic studies were conducted with the reactive dye on dimethylamino ethyl cellulosic fabrics with two nitrogen contents (0.36 and 0.79 N％) at different temperatures (30*, 50* and 70* C). The kinetic parameters as percent exhaustion, time of half dyeing, diffusion coefficient, the activation energy and dyeing rate were evaluated. The mo..

Application methods and dyeing effluent treatments

This paper describes the application methods and effluent treatment of sulfur dyes. There has been a considerable improvement in the manufacture of sulfur dyes during the last 25 years. However environmental considerations are demanding that controls are exercised over effluents and in this respect the sulfides in the sulfur dyebath waste..

Indigo: out with the old, in with the blue

The special dyeing techniques used in the production of denim fabrics are reviewed. Following an introductory review of the chemistry of synthetic indigo and its discovery 100 years ago, the processes of yarn dyeing are described including a discussion of the characteristics of the rope dyeing technique. Indigo garment dyeing is also incl..