Chemical aftertreatment to improve the fastness of dyes on cellulosic fibres

Research and development in methods of improving the properties of dyes by aftertreatment of the dyed fibre were found not long after the discovery of the first synthetic direct cotton dyes. These methods are reviewed, surveying the chemistry involved from the earliest work in the field to the present day. Particular attention is paid to ..

Textile colouring and printing and the environment (Spanish)

This paper discusses the challenges facing the textile dyeing and printing sector in relation to its impact on the environment. It examines a number of approaches which are being employed to reduce this impact, such as; segregating for treatment the most contaminating effluents; avoiding excessive consumption of water; and the recycling o..

Fine structure of Cupra, Tencel and anisotropic diffusion of dye molecules in fibers

Taking into account the effect of optical density used to enhance the cross-sectional views of fibrous materials, a new preparative technique was applied to detect the skin-core structure of Cupra and Tencel filaments. The same samples were also examined to determine the characteristic concentration gradient of dye molecules along the fib..

Azo Dye Effluent Treatment: An Environmental Challenge. Part II.

Azo dyes effluent treatments include adsorption, flocculation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, coagulation, and clarification. Activated carbon reduces the concentration of organic pollutants, such as chloro, cyano, nitro, and amino compounds. The spent ca

Azo Dye Effluent Treatment: An Environmental Challenge -- (Part- I).

Azo dyes contribute only a fraction of total organic matter load in dyeing facility wastewater, but remain highly detectable due to the color imparted to the water. Methods to decolor the wastewater include adsorption, precipitation, chemical degradation,

Open Width Washer and Bleaching Installation for Knitwear and Delicate Fabrics.

Conventional washing machines employ rollers that can stress fabrics. Goller's new Sintensa open width washing machine features minimal fabric tension, high intensity wash treatment for short durations, high temperature and chemical concentration stability, and extended treatments times in tension-free state. The individual elements can b..

Analytical Technique for Characterizing the Initial Stage of the Dyeing Process.

Research to characterize the initial stage of cationic dyeing processes developed an experimental apparatus and technique to analyze the first several seconds of dyeing under rapid adsorption conditions. Experiments dyed a cationic dyeable acrylic fiber at 90 degrees centigrade and pH 6.4 with a 0.002 percent methylene blue solution at a ..

The Dyeing of Wool: Past, Present and Future.

Selection of dyes and dyeing assistants requires an evaluation of their environmental effects. The dyeing industry needs to be concerned about environmental protection, dyehouse employee safety, and consumer health. Options include choosing products that generate smaller and less toxic amounts of effluent. Colorists may choose to replace ..

Fading of Reactive Dyes in Combination Shades.

A study used 15 commercially available reactive dyes to create self and binary shades on 100 percent cotton fabric. Xenon arc lamps and xenon Weather-o-meters evaluated the fbrics relative to the Blue Wool Standard and other lightfastness standards. When the total color difference between unexposed and exposed samples was 3.4 or more CIEL..

An Attempt to Enhance the Effectiveness of the Aftertreatment of Direct Dyeings with Cationic Fixing Agents.

Researchers determinded the effects of a synthetic tanning agent (syntan) on the washfastness of treated direct dyed cotton. Aftertreatment of the dyed cotton used a cationic fixing agent. Experiments followed the Ciba-Geigy method for cotton, using C.I. Direct Red 89, C.I. Direct Yellow 106, and C.I. Direct Blue 85. Researchers treated t..