Developments in dyes and optical brighteners

Pretreatment of textile processing waste-waters

A method of biological treatment by the activated sludge process is compared with a chemical coagulation method. Both are used at two different textile mills in Turkey. Biological treatment proves to be more efficient and reliable than themical coagulation when removing organic matter.

Wastewater treater treatment - the new frontier

The real-life case of effluent from a blue jeans manufacturer is considered. Problems in this case were BOD, total suspended solids and manganese. Detailed of the mechanical treatment of the effluent and additional flocculation are given. The general introduction to this article concerns evaluation of a textile effluent in relation to the..

Minimizing the impairment of the physical properties of wool during dyeing by restricting the level of permanent set

If permanent setting of the wool fibre which occurs during dyeing can be restricted, the impairment of physical properties is reduced. This can be achieved by adding an oxidizing agent, such as potassium bromate or hydrogen peroxide, to the dyebath. Oxidizing agents also restrict the extent to which hygral expansion increases as a result ..

Decolorization of textile waste waters by UV radiation with hydrogen peroxide

This study describes a method of removing dyes from effluent by environmentally-friendly and simple processes. A feature of these processes is that the combination of UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide does not involve a redistribution of the noxious substances, as is the case with other processes, eg flocculation and filtration (transfer..

Recovery of sizes dissolved in water

A general outline of the recovery of water-soluble sizing agents is given. Methods for the treatment of sizing effluents in Czechoslovakia are discussed.

Use of the natural biodegradation method for treating liquid waste in the production of man-made fibres

A study shows that biodegradation of two organic substances used in the production of man-made fibres, which would otherwise pollute the environment by being present in the effluent, attains an efficiency level of 88-89％.

Effects of light and pool water on selected swimwear fabrics

The effect pf light, water, chlorinated pool water and nonchlorinated pool water on three knitted fabrics was tested. The fabrics were bright pink 100％ nylon, chartreuse nylon/spandex blend (85/15) and medium blue cotton/polyester/spandex blend (46/46/8). Colour change and burst strength change after each treatment were recorded. Exposur..

Relative diffusion indices of the disperse dyes in polyester

The relative diffusion indices of disperse dyes have been determined under high-temperature dyeing conditions. They range from 6.66 to 28.33 and provide a qualitative indication of the dye diffusion profile from the surface to the interior. The results serve to establish the order of magnitude of the diffusion indices in polyester film at..

Dyeing of silk with acid dyes. A study of the relation between dye structure and fastness properties

Four new acid dyes were developed specifically for silk. The aim of the research is to find a model which provides information about factors affecting fastness properties by examining quantitative relationships between properties and structure. From a study of dye structures by means of molecular models, it was possible to find a relation..