Afterchrome dyeing of wool. I. Chromium in the effluent, analystical determination and characterization of influencing factors

As a consequence of increasing legal restrictions on the concentration of chromium in industrial discharges, after-chrome dyeing of wool has been re-evaluated. Special regard was given to the distribution of trivalent and hexavalent chromium species in the individual process stages (chroming, rinsing and ammonia aftertreatment baths) of a..

Afterchrome dyeing of wool. II. Characterization of chromium-treated wool by secondary particle mass spectrometry

Secondary particle mass spectrometry has been used for the first time to determine the oxidation state and depth distribution of chromium on and in wool fibres. Wool tops were dyed with 4％owf CI mordant Black 11 and aftertreated with 1％owf potassium dichromate, and wool samples treated in a blank dyebath aftertreated with 1％owf potassi..

Low-temperature dyeing of silk

Silk fabrics which have been pretreated with methanol for different times show improved dyeability at room temperature. The effects of methanol concentration and treatment time are studied. It is shown that silk fabrics can be dyed with specified acid dyes at room temperature after methanol pretreatment at 65℃ for approximately 2hr.

Dyeing N-methylol group containing acid dyes using the pad/dry cure process

Two acid dyes were selected to react with DMEU to obtain N-methylol group-containing acid dyes. Cotton and silk fabrics were dyed by the pad/dry/cure process. Differences in deying behaviour between the acid dyes and the N-methylol group containing acid dyes are investigated.

Dyehouse effluents

In this letter comment is made on an article in a previous issue of this journal - Removing colour from dyehouse wastewaters - a critical review of technology available - by P. Cooper (see abstract 93W/03413). The author of this letter refers in particular to dosing levels in flocculation/coagulation techniques.

Waste minimization in the dyehouse

The environmental impact and the effect on waste minimization are compared for several dyeing processes - batch, continuous, semi-continuous - and printing. Costs are compared by process for such factors as energy and water utilization, chemicals and dyes, effluent and shade reproducibility or level of redyes. Alternative approaches are o..

Experience with automatic pH control for dyeing piece goods and made-up garments. Very high degrees of exhaustion for polyamide and wool in bath dyeing

The problems of manual control of pH during exhaust dyeing are explained. The demands made on an automatic pH controller include rapid and accurate adjustment of acid or lye, integration into the dyeing program, accurate measurement, high electrode service life and automatic electrode self-test. The Ticco unit from Herrig && Ruttiger Inge..

Nep coverage of immature cotton

Cotton fabrics pretreated with polyethyleneimine achieved better dyeing results than untreated fabrics in tests using the exhaust process. Colour yields were improved. Colour-fastness, especially to wet crocking of the pretreated dyed fabrics, was improved when a low-temperature curing cationic emulsion was added as an aftertreatment.

Aspects of the photobleaching and photoyellowing of wool

The photobleaching of wool, using the 488nm line of an argon ion laser and north light fluorescent lamps, in wet and dry states, has been studied. Destruction of the chromophores absorbing in the visible wavelength region was accompanied by a modest increase in UV-absorbing chromophores. Use of north light lamps resulted in little change ..

Surfactants in textile effluents

The pollution caused by surface-active agents used in the dyeing and finishing of textiles is reviewed. The toxicity of effluents containing these agents is examined in relation to fish and other forms of aquatic life, as well as plants. Effluent treatment methods are examined. There are 28 references.