Lipid bilayers including cholesterol as vehicles for acid yes in wool dyeing

It is shown that the presence of cholesterol in wool dyeing by means of large unilamellar vesicle liposomes could be suitable for modulating dye exhaustion of a commercial milling acid dye (CI acid blue 90) on untreated wool fibres upon dyeing in a low acid dyebath, thereby increasing dye bonding.

Dyeing properties of wool treated with liquid ammonia

Wool fibre and fabric have been treated with liquid ammonia and their surface characteristics investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The treated specimens were dyed with levelling and milling acid dyes. although no changes in nitrogen content and fibre surface properties were..

Values for characterizing the dyeing behaviour of reactive dyes

For normal application conditions the fixation behaviour of reactive dyes can be described by three dyeing constants which characterize substantivity and three constants which characterize the fixation kinetics. These six constants can be used to calculate the fixation yield of dye combinations. A recalculation of recipe from one liquor r..

Kinetics of Peroxidase Catalyzed Decoloration of Orange II with Hydrogen Peroxide.

Research on the kinetics of peroxidase catalyzed decoloration of C.I. Acid Orange 7 with hydrogen peroxide measured the decoloration rate at 20 degrees centigrade and pH 9. The peroxidases tested included horseradish, Arthromyces ramosus, and soybean peroxidases. The decoloration rate was expressed as pseudo-first order reaction kinetics ..

Wastewater Treatment Flow Techniques.

Closed channel wastewater flows are full pipe flows where the liquid is being pumped and under pressure. Closed channel wastewater applications can be found in pretreatment facilities where the liquid is being pumped through a treatment process before final discharge. Open channel flows, the most common wastewater discharging technique, a..

Low-Pollution Process for Mothproofing Wool.

Smith Petrie, a specialist in the manufacture of wool processing effluent systems, now owns the marketing rights to a new low pollution proofing process for carpet wool. The new process, Enviro-Proof, dramatically reduces the permethrin content of mill effluent discharges. The International Wool Secretariat developed the process at S. Lyl..

Water Pollution in Textile Industry and Its Control.

Researchers studied ways to reduce and remove wastewater effluent from such textile processes as desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, and printing. The Textile and Engineering Institute worked with the Madhusudhan Synthetic Process plant in Ichalkaranji to develop an effluent treatment plant. Key features of the effluent treatment plant..

The Improtance of Washing, Oxidizing, Washing and Softening to Produce Maximum Fastness and Best Appearance.

Vat dyeing processes that integrate a series of vertical wash boxes use boxes one, two, and three for flushing the fabric of residual dye chemicals and to initiate the oxidation process. The fabric pH must be in the range of 9.0-10.0 piror to reaching the

Study of the Possibility of Dyeing Terlon Fibre.

A research team investigated the possibility of dyeing Terlon fibers with organic and inorganic pigments. Trials indicated that a high color intensity could be attained with high dye concentrations. Measurements of mechanical properties indicated that dyeing had no significant adverse effects on tensile strength or elongation. The use of ..

Degradation of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Sunlit Natural Waters.

Researchers investigated the photochemical degradation of the distyryl biphenyl and diaminostilbene types of fluorescent whitening agents used in detergents and paper after a fast reversible photoisomerization. Irradiation of the fluorescent whitening age