Phospholipid bilayers as vehicles of anthraquinone disperse dyes in wool dyeing

The use of multilamellar lipid vesicles as carriers of dispere dyes on wool fibres has been studied. Loposomes made from egg phosphatidylcholine containing the anthraquinone dye CI Disperse Violet 1 at different phospholipid/dye concentrations were used. The physical staility of these systems was assessed by measuring the mean vesicle siz..

Dyeing in supercritical carbonic gas: an ecological breakthrough

Supercritical carbon dioxide has been used for a long time in the food industry and its application is specially interesting when the ecological demands are high. A gas may be turned into a liquid by compression below a certain critical temperature; above this critical temperature, beyond the critical pressure, is the supercritical stage...

Fully-automatic laboratory dyeing system Aladys

The fully-automatic Aladys laboratory dyeing system introduced by Ciba-Geigy in Basle in December 1993, is examined. It enables 250 woven or knitted fabrics to be dyed per day. The system has been developed in close collaboration with the robot-producing firm Demaurex SA. Two of the developements - the feeding of powdery substances and th..

Dye house profitability and right-first-time dyeing

Zeneca Colours have indentified the main parameters for right-first time dyeing: using the right equipment for the right substrate, correct adjustments and settings of the equipment, realistic dyeing specifications by the customer, proper choice of the dyeing preparation, standard and easy to apply operational procedures.

Reducing the effluent load by using new dyeing and printing installations

A dyeing/printing installation which enables water to be saved and dyeing and printing to be carried out economically is described. the effluent problem is also reduced.

Pump Up Your Energy Savings.

An ejector thermocompressor conserves energy by recycling waste steam into steam for heating. In the process, a motive fluid expands insentropically thourgh a nozzle, convering pressure energy to velocity energy at 100 percent efficiency. Load fluid in the suction chamber mixes with the motive fluid at the suction pressure. This mixture p..

Determination of Ethylene Oxide (EO) Content in n-Alcohol Ethoxylates by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonnance (p-NMR) Spectroscopy.

An experiment used p-NMR spectroscopy to quantitatively determine the distribution of EO oligomer adducts in n-alcohol ethoxylates. The researchers added one dorp of n-alcohol ethoxylate to a NMR tube containing 0.5 milliliter of deuterated chloroform. Key parameters for the proton scan were: time domain, 16k; nomber of scans, 16; proton ..

Quantitative Determination of Ethylene Oxide (EO) Oligomer Distribution Ethoxylated Alkylphenol Carboxmethyl Ether Salts by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).

Two dimensional TLC quantitatively determined the distribution of EO oligimers i ethoxylated alkylphenol carboxymethyl ether salts. The researchers separated a mixure of ethoxylated alkylphenol carboxymethyl ether salts and unconverted ethoxylated alkylphenol ether with the first eluent, which was them developed at right angles with the s..

Assessment of Test Methods that Evaluate the Colorfastness of Dyed Fabric Against Light and Perspiration for Vinylsulfonyl Reactive Dyes of Cellulose Fiber - Effect of pH on Colorfastness.

Researchers compared results from test methods that evaluated the colorfastness of dyed fabric to light and perspiration. The researchers applied four vinylsulfonyl reactive dyes (C.I. Reactive Red 22, C.I. Reactive Blue 19, C.I. Reactive Black 5, and a blue copper complex azo dye) to cotton fabric samples, treated the dyed samples with a..

Portable Hand Held Spectrophotometer/Colorimeter.

Portable hand held spectrophotometers provide color difference data using CIELAB or CMC equations: pass/fail status using present tolerances; whitemess/yellowness indices; and shade sorting using the 555 method. Reflectance data can be downloaded to personal computer for recipe formulation or production. The spectrophotometer has sufficie..