“Environmental Issues: Technological Options for Textile Industry” is currently a dominating theme. The development of eco-fibre such as Biopol and Lacti through biotechnology is presented. The growth of Lyocell is noted and the use of naturally coloured cotton through specially developed seeds to obviate synthetic dye pollution. Eco-standards and certification (ISO 14000) are discussed. The development of transgenic cotton plants is discussed. Courtaulds’ Lyocell is described and sub-sections examine organic and naturally coloured cotton. Improvements in yields are explored with five observations on naturally coloured cotton. The cultivation of coloured cotton is detailed, with the development process and Indian marketing issues. Problems with coloured cotton such as low strength and poor spinnability and change of shade on laundering can be overcome. There is a general discussion on the environmental impacts of manufacturing practices through the entire process fro fibre cultivation to eventual recycling. Trade marks, labels and seals are reviewed.