Dyers are under great pressure to produce apparel that is fashionable, functional, affordable, and environmentally friendly, but they have little or no control over the type, dyeing behavior, and ecological properties of the fibers with thich they are supplied. The dyers' responsibility lies in the selection of dyes, chemicals, dyeing machines, and dyeing procedures. Ciba-Geigy's Envirocare project publicizes developments in environmentally sound dyeing. Ciba's Cibacron C range of reactive dyes has excellent fixation reates for syntheic and wol fibers, and theirfore does not wash off the fiber and into the dyehouse effluent. With new sophisticated spraying techiques, urea can be omitted from printing pastes. In addion to the reduction of water consumption and the development of effluent-free dyehouses, supercritcal carbon dioxide can replace water under some dyeing conditions. Researchers have also developed new methods to minimze the metal content of textiles and effluent, to reduce the amount of apdding liquros, and to remove dyes from wastewater before biological treatment.