Since its introduction at ITMA 1967, jet dyeing machines have revolutionized the dyeing of textile fabrics in rope form. By increasing the dye to goods interchange, improving dyebath circulation, removing all temperature and concentration gradients in the bath, enhancing the breakdown of boundary layers at the fiber surface, and rearranging the fabric conformation as it passes through the jet tube, the new process changed fabric dyeing practices throughout the industry. In the years since 1967, dyeing processes at very low liquor to goods ratios have been developed with resulting savings in the costs of water, energy, and dyehouse effluent treatment. The use of modern dyebath lubricants has had a positive impact on the incidence of scuffmarks, rope creases, and crush marks. Such lubricants have reduced the liquor ratios in beck dyeing machines from 25:1 to 15:1. Advances in machine design have also contributed to the minimization of dyeing faults associated with textile to textile and textile to metal friction.