The Textile Technology Center in Quebec, Canada, has developed an apparatus that simulates the heat and humidity given off by human skin. The institute uses the device to test the comfort properties of fabrics utilized in industrial clothing. The apparatus comprises a plate that is maintained at a temperture of 35 degrees centigrade to create a constant upward thermal flux. A fine supply of water flows through pores in the plate to simulate perspiration. The fabric sample rests on the plate's surface and is swept by a constant, tangential air flow. The institute conducts thermal comfort tests according to the ISO 11092 standard. This test determines two fundamental parameters: dry thermal resistance and water vapor resistance. The testing method is suitable for evaluating ther four primary types of fabrics that provide thermal protection: waterproof fabrics, fabrics containing microfibers, double layered fabrics, and membranes permeable to water vapor. Applications of these fabrics include footwear, seating, sportswear, and protective clothing.