a complete manufacturing process flow chart is presented which incorporates all state of the art process technology developed over the last forty years. using this process, precision crystals are fabricated which achieve the highest stability that is required in today's market. some of the process developments included are electrothermal diffusion (sweeping) of quartz, single sided lapping of wafers, deep etching with fluoride based solutions, ultra-violet/ozone cleaning, oil-free high vacuum environments, and ceramic materials for packaging the crystals. it is possible to manufacture crystals of all types, but only at- and sc-cuts are discussed. the low frequency end of the range is that typically seen for precision ovenized oscillators, 1 to 10 mhz, while the high frequency end is not presently limited and devices near 1 ghz are feasible. quartz crystals fabricated by this process have the highest quality in terms of crystal quality factor, q, as well as long term stability (aging), short term stability (phase noise), temperature induced transients and other quality parameters