Laboratory Test Methods to Measure Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticides Through Protective Clothing. Part I: Comparison of Three Test Methods

In the last three decades, different test methods have been used to assess the level of protection provided by various textile materials against liquid pesticide penetration. Of these, the ISO 6350/EN368 gutter test is currently used to screen garment materials for certification of type 6 personal protective equipment (PPE) in Europe. The..

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Cathodic Reduction of CI Acid Red 27 and CI Reactive Black 5—Basic Investigations of Decoloration of Textile Waste Water

Reductive decoloration of CI Acid Red 27 and CI Reactive Black 5 is achieved by cathodic electron transfer. The stoichiometry of the dyestuff reduction is studied with redox titrations using an Fe(II)-TEA complex as the reducing agent. CI Acid Red 27 is reduced to the corresponding amines at room temperature, while full reduction of CI Re..

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Variation of Longitudinal Modulus with Twist for Yarns Composed of High Modulus Fibers

Variations of longitudinal and transverse moduli with twist for twisted yarns and twisted yarn-resin composite strands composed of fibers covering a wide range of tensile moduli are investigated using a sonic pulse propagation method. For twisted yarns composed of fibers relatively low in tensile modulus, the longitudinal modulus decrease..

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A Generalized Micromechanics of Continuous-Filament Yarns. Part I: Underlying Formalism

A constitutive theory is proposed to predict the stress-strain behavior of a twisted filament yarn under extensive elongation from the structural parameters and constituent moduli. This theory can predict the radial distributions of local stress and strain as well as the load- elongation relation, if the initial distributions of the local..

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Stitch Length Variation in Circular Knitting Machines Due to Yarn Winding Tension Variation in the Storage Yarn Feed Wheel

The yarn delivery rate required to knit a given stitch quality on a multifeeder circular knitting machine is generally based on the belt speed of the positive yarn feed system. The actual stitch length in the fabric measured after knitting is always less than the stitch length required. Yam tension immediately before the yarn is wound on ..

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The Wicking Kinetics of Liquid Droplets into Yarns

The wicking kinetics of liquid droplets into yarns is studied using a computerized imaging system. A new method is suggested for characterizing the yarn structure by monitoring droplet absorption. The method is based on the comparative analysis of the time needed for droplet disappearance as a function of droplet volume for various yarns...

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Theoretical Analysis of Load-Extension Properties of Plain Weft Knits Made from High Performance Yarns for Composite Reinforcement

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the tensile properties of plain weft-knitted fabric. Load-extension curves in the coursewise and walewise directions for fabrics made from glass fibers are theoretically calculated and compared with experimental results, and good agreement is obtained between them.

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Effect of Physical Processing on the Wool Fiber Surface

Wool fibers are subjected to severe mechanical processing following scouring, which results in physical damage. This study investigates the role of physical processing in changing the physical and chemical properties of the fibers. Removal of surface-bound lipids following physical processing is minimal, but there are significant morpholo..

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Dynamic Analysis of Yarn Unwinding from Cylindrical Packages. Part II: The Three-Region Analysis

In Part II of this series [2], we analyze the three-region problem. The formulation constitutes an integrated analysis of the three regions, which permits a study of the yarn path and related tension distributions for unwind points away from the two ends of the package. The numerical solutions presented reveal a very complex interaction b..

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A Constitutive Model for Blended Yarn Extension with Fragmented Low-Elongation Fibers

A simple micromechanical model is developed for the interactions in a parallel square- stacked mixed array of elastic fibers representing the microstructure of a blended yarn undergoing axial extension. The mixed array consists of a small fraction of relatively high modulus, low elongation-to-break (LE) fibers dispersed among high elongat..

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