We investigate the improvement of 5.90 tex cotton yarn spun with a high total draft ratio of 100 on a modified apron drafting system. For optimum drafting conditions of 5.90 tex spun yarn spinning, the application of drafting force has to be considered during roller drafting. We examine the influence of roller gauge and break draft ratio on the drafting force to determine the drafting behavior of Pima long staple cotton roving. The 5.90 tex fine count yarn is spun on the SKF drafting system, and the experimental results show that high quality yarn can be obtained with drafting conditions of 1.4 break drafting ratio and 62 mm roller gauge in conjunction with the modified SKF drafting system. Additionally, 5.90 tex yarn is about the same quality as 5% of world levels.